Discover the top 25 best places to visit in Brazil, a land of diverse landscapes and vibrant culture. Explore iconic attractions, natural wonders, and historical sites that showcase Brazil's unique charm and beauty. When it comes to incredible travel destinations, Brazil is a country that never disappoints.
25 Best Places to Visit in Brazil, Tourist Places & Attractions
From the lush Amazon rainforest to the stunning beaches of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil offers a diverse range of attractions for every type of traveler. In this article, we'll take you on a journey through the 25 best places to visit in Brazil, highlighting the country's rich history, vibrant culture, and breathtaking natural beauty.
1. Rio de Janeiro: A City of Samba and Sunshine
Rio de Janeiro, often called the "Cidade Maravilhosa" (Marvelous City), is famous for its iconic Christ the Redeemer statue, Copacabana Beach, and the annual Carnival festivities. It's a vibrant city where the energy of samba music and the warmth of the sun create an unforgettable atmosphere.
Nestled between lush mountains and azure coastline, Rio de Janeiro stands as an icon of Brazil's vibrant culture and natural beauty. Known as the "Cidade Maravilhosa" or Marvelous City, Rio exudes an irresistible energy that captivates all who visit. Samba rhythms pulse through the streets, while the golden beaches of Copacabana and Ipanema invite relaxation under the South American sun.
At the heart of the city, the towering Christ the Redeemer statue watches over Rio from Corcovado Mountain, offering panoramic views of this sprawling metropolis. Carnival, the world-famous extravaganza of dance, music, and vibrant costumes, showcases Rio's exuberant spirit. The pulsating beats of samba fill the air as the city comes alive during this annual celebration.
2. Iguazu Falls: Nature's Masterpiece
Located on the border between Brazil and Argentina, Iguazu Falls is a jaw-dropping natural wonder that consists of 275 individual waterfalls. The sheer power and beauty of the falls leave visitors in awe of nature's magnificence.
Nature's grandeur is on full display at Iguazu Falls, where the roaring waters form an awe-inspiring tapestry of cascades and mist. Straddling the border between Brazil and Argentina, this UNESCO World Heritage site is a true marvel of the natural world. With hundreds of individual falls spread across nearly 2 miles, the spectacle is nothing short of breathtaking.
Visitors can experience the falls from various angles, including from above on walkways and viewing platforms, and even by boat as they navigate the turbulent waters below the falls. The thundering sound and the mist-kissed air create an immersive sensory experience that leaves a lasting impression of the sheer power and beauty of nature.
3. Amazon Rainforest: The Lungs of the Earth
The Amazon rainforest is the world's largest tropical rainforest and a biodiversity hotspot. Exploring this vibrant ecosystem offers a chance to encounter exotic wildlife, indigenous cultures, and lush vegetation.
The Amazon Rainforest, often referred to as the "Lungs of the Earth," is a sprawling wilderness that blankets vast regions of South America. Teeming with biodiversity, it is home to countless species of plants, animals, and indigenous communities. The rainforest's towering trees and winding rivers contribute to its status as one of the most vital ecosystems on the planet.
Exploring the Amazon offers a chance to witness nature's diversity up close, from vibrant birds and exotic insects to elusive jaguars and playful river dolphins. Guided expeditions provide insight into the forest's delicate balance and the urgent need for its preservation in the face of environmental challenges.
4. Salvador: Afro-Brazilian Heritage
Salvador, the capital of Bahia, is known for its rich Afro-Brazilian culture, colorful colonial architecture, and vibrant music scene. The city's historic center, Pelourinho, is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Salvador, the capital of the northeastern state of Bahia, is a vibrant hub of Afro-Brazilian culture and history. Cobblestone streets wind through colorful colonial architecture, and the rhythms of African drumming infuse the air with a unique energy. The city's Pelourinho district, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a captivating blend of churches, museums, and vibrant street life.
The legacy of the transatlantic slave trade is palpable in Salvador, where rich traditions, music, and cuisine reflect the resilience and creativity of the Afro-Brazilian community. Visitors can immerse themselves in capoeira performances, sample traditional dishes like acarajé, and witness the fusion of cultures that has shaped Salvador's identity.
5. Fernando de Noronha: A Tropical Paradise
This archipelago is a haven for nature lovers and beach enthusiasts. With crystal-clear waters, diverse marine life, and stunning landscapes, Fernando de Noronha is a tropical paradise perfect for snorkeling and relaxation.
Tucked away in the Atlantic Ocean, Fernando de Noronha is a secluded tropical paradise that seems to have been plucked from a postcard. This archipelago boasts pristine white-sand beaches, crystal-clear turquoise waters, and vibrant coral reefs that make it a haven for snorkelers and divers. With strict conservation efforts in place, the marine life thrives, creating an underwater wonderland.
Beyond the beaches, lush vegetation covers the islands, and scenic trails offer opportunities for nature walks and wildlife spotting. With limited tourist access to preserve the delicate ecosystem, visitors can bask in the tranquility of this remote paradise while connecting with nature in its purest form.
6. Pantanal: Wetland Wonderland
The Pantanal is the world's largest tropical wetland area and a prime spot for wildlife enthusiasts. This UNESCO-listed site offers incredible opportunities for birdwatching and jaguar spotting.
The Pantanal, the world's largest tropical wetland, is a vast expanse of flooded grasslands and lush vegetation that hosts an astonishing array of wildlife. Located in southwestern Brazil, this biodiverse haven is a haven for nature enthusiasts and birdwatchers. Its unique ecosystem supports jaguars, caimans, giant otters, and over 650 species of birds.
Travelers can explore the Pantanal through guided tours, boat cruises, and safaris, gaining intimate insights into the complex interactions between land, water, and wildlife. The ever-changing landscapes of this wetland wonderland promise unforgettable encounters with some of the world's most captivating creatures.
7. Ouro Preto: Colonial Charm
Step back in time in Ouro Preto, a colonial town that showcases Brazil's rich history through its well-preserved architecture and artistic treasures. The town's churches, museums, and cobblestone streets are a delight to explore.
Nestled in the hills of Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto is a colonial gem that transports visitors back in time. Its cobbled streets wind through baroque churches, ornate facades, and charming plazas, showcasing Brazil's colonial heritage. Once a hub of gold mining, the city's opulent architecture reflects its historic wealth.
A UNESCO World Heritage site, Ouro Preto's preserved buildings and rich cultural heritage offer a glimpse into Brazil's past. The Aleijadinho Museum pays homage to the legendary sculptor, while the city's vibrant arts scene and local handicrafts keep traditions alive in a modern context.
8. Sao Paulo: Urban Oasis
As Brazil's largest city, Sao Paulo is a bustling metropolis that offers a mix of modern skyscrapers, cultural institutions, and diverse neighborhoods. It's a hub for art, music, and culinary experiences.
Sao Paulo, Brazil's sprawling metropolis, is a dynamic blend of cultures, cuisines, and creativity. This economic powerhouse boasts world-class museums, galleries, and theaters that celebrate both traditional and contemporary arts. Neighborhoods like Vila Madalena exude a bohemian spirit, while Avenida Paulista showcases the city's modern skyline.
The city's diversity is also evident in its culinary scene, where international flavors meld with Brazilian traditions. Parks like Ibirapuera offer respite from the urban hustle, while the energetic atmosphere of the city's many markets and festivals reflects the lively spirit of its inhabitants.
9. Foz do Iguaçu: Triple Frontier
Apart from the stunning Iguazu Falls, Foz do Iguaçu is also known for its unique location where the borders of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay meet. It's a melting pot of cultures and a shopper's paradise.
Foz do Iguaçu sits at the convergence of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay, making it a true crossroads of cultures. Its most famous attraction, the majestic Iguazu Falls, draws visitors from around the world. Beyond the falls, the city's cultural diversity shines through in its cuisine, markets, and festivals.
Travelers can explore the unique cultural influences of the region, from the traditional Guarani communities to the modern vibrancy of a cosmopolitan city. The nearby Itaipu Dam, one of the world's largest hydroelectric power plants, showcases the technological achievements of the area.
10. Paraty: A Colonial Gem
This charming coastal town is known for its well-preserved colonial architecture and cobblestone streets. Paraty is also a gateway to nearby islands and beautiful beaches.
Nestled between the lush mountains and the sparkling sea, Paraty is a picturesque coastal town frozen in time. Cobblestone streets wind past colorful colonial buildings, while the surrounding Atlantic rainforest adds to the town's natural charm. Paraty's well-preserved historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage site, offering a glimpse into Brazil's colonial past.
The town's proximity to the water invites visitors to explore its islands, secluded beaches, and coves. Paraty is also famous for its literary festivals, art galleries, and vibrant cultural scene, making it a destination where history and creativity intersect in a captivating way.
11. Chapada Diamantina: Hidden Oasis
Chapada Diamantina National Park is a haven for hikers and adventure seekers. With its lush valleys, crystal-clear rivers, and stunning waterfalls, this hidden oasis offers a serene escape into nature.
Nestled in the heart of Brazil, Chapada Diamantina stands as a hidden oasis of natural wonder. This mesmerizing region, known for its rugged landscapes and breathtaking beauty, offers a retreat for adventurous souls and nature enthusiasts alike. Towering plateaus, serene valleys, and crystal-clear rivers weave a tapestry of diverse ecosystems, creating an outdoor haven for hikers, explorers, and photographers.
Picture cascading waterfalls glistening under the sunlight, their refreshing waters inviting travelers to take a rejuvenating dip. Ancient caves adorned with intricate formations tell tales of time's passage, inviting curious minds to delve into the mysteries of Earth's history. Trekking through the vast expanse of lush forests, visitors encounter an array of endemic flora and fauna, transforming each step into a magical journey of discovery.
Chapada Diamantina's charm extends beyond its landscapes. Quaint towns nestled within the region showcase the rich culture and warm hospitality of the locals. With a history intertwined with diamond mining, the area exudes a unique blend of historical significance and natural splendor. Markets filled with local crafts and delicacies allow travelers to immerse themselves in the region's vibrant traditions.
12. Recife: The Venice of Brazil
With its intricate network of rivers, canals, and bridges, Recife is often referred to as the "Venice of Brazil." The city's vibrant culture and lively arts scene make it a unique destination.
Glistening canals crisscrossing the city, colorful historic buildings lining the water's edge, and a vibrant cultural scene make Recife a Brazilian gem often referred to as the "Venice of Brazil." This coastal city seamlessly blends its colonial past with modern vitality, creating a unique and captivating atmosphere. Bridges and waterways serve as picturesque pathways that lead to pockets of artistic expression, lively markets, and eclectic dining spots.
The historic district of Recife, known as Recife Antigo, enchants visitors with its cobblestone streets, age-old churches, and stunning architecture. Breathe in the salty breeze as you stroll along the waterfront promenades, catching glimpses of local fishermen casting their nets into the turquoise waters. The city's vibrant Carnaval celebrations explode with color and energy, drawing revelers from around the world to partake in this dazzling spectacle of dance and music.
13. Lençóis Maranhenses: Sand Dunes and Lagoons
This surreal landscape features endless sand dunes dotted with freshwater lagoons. Lençóis Maranhenses is a natural wonder unlike any other, where visitors can hike and swim in the midst of the desert.
A true marvel of nature, Lençóis Maranhenses seems like something out of a dream. Vast expanses of pristine, white sand dunes stretch as far as the eye can see, interrupted only by strikingly blue and green lagoons that form between the dunes during the rainy season. This otherworldly landscape, located in northeastern Brazil, is a testament to nature's ability to create awe-inspiring beauty.
Exploring Lençóis Maranhenses is like embarking on an expedition through a surreal desert oasis. Visitors can trek across the undulating dunes, their feet sinking into the soft sands, and then find respite in the cool, inviting lagoons. The ever-changing interplay of light and shadow casts a spellbinding spell, making it a paradise for photographers and nature lovers alike.
14. Brasília: Modernist Architecture
As Brazil's capital, Brasília is renowned for its futuristic urban planning and modernist architecture. Designed by architect Oscar Niemeyer, the city is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Brasília, the capital of Brazil, stands as a testament to modernist architecture and urban planning. Designed by the visionary architect Oscar Niemeyer and urban planner Lúcio Costa, the city is a masterpiece of avant-garde design. The distinctive layout, characterized by its airplane-like shape, features monumental government buildings, wide boulevards, and abundant green spaces that intertwine seamlessly.
The city's iconic structures, such as the futuristic National Congress, the mesmerizing Cathedral of Brasília, and the uniquely shaped Palácio da Alvorada (Presidential Palace), showcase Niemeyer's signature curves and innovative use of reinforced concrete. Brasília's design encourages exploration on foot, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in a living museum of modernist architecture.
15. Fortaleza: Beaches and Culture
Fortaleza boasts beautiful beaches, vibrant nightlife, and a rich cultural scene. It's a perfect blend of relaxation and exploration, with options for water sports, shopping, and local cuisine.
Fortaleza, a vibrant coastal city in northeastern Brazil, offers a captivating blend of sun-soaked beaches and rich cultural experiences. Its golden sands stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, inviting sunbathers and water sports enthusiasts to indulge in the tropical paradise. The city's energetic spirit is mirrored in its bustling markets, lively festivals, and diverse culinary scene.
The famous Praia de Iracema and Beira Mar promenade are popular gathering spots, where visitors can revel in stunning ocean views, enjoy fresh seafood, and engage with local artisans selling their crafts. The city's strong cultural heritage shines through in its traditional dance and music performances, reflecting the dynamic fusion of indigenous, African, and European influences that have shaped Fortaleza's identity.
16. Manaus: Gateway to the Amazon
Located at the heart of the Amazon rainforest, Manaus is a unique city surrounded by natural wonders. It's the perfect starting point for Amazon river cruises and jungle expeditions.
Nestled at the confluence of the Rio Negro and the Amazon River, Manaus serves as the gateway to the Amazon rainforest, the world's largest tropical wilderness. This vibrant metropolis embodies a unique blend of urban sophistication and untamed natural wonder. Its iconic Teatro Amazonas, a lavish opera house, stands as a symbol of the city's past prosperity during the rubber boom era.
Manaus offers travelers the chance to embark on immersive Amazonian adventures. Cruises along the river reveal astonishing biodiversity, where curious pink river dolphins share waters with exotic birds and elusive wildlife. Tribal villages offer a glimpse into indigenous cultures that have harmoniously coexisted with the rainforest for centuries.
17. Curitiba: Green City
Curitiba is known for its innovative urban planning, green spaces, and commitment to sustainability. The city's botanical gardens and eco-friendly initiatives make it a refreshing destination.
Curitiba, the capital of the Paraná state, is a model of urban planning and sustainability. Often referred to as a "green city," Curitiba boasts a sophisticated public transportation system, meticulously planned parks, and a strong commitment to environmental conservation. Its innovative BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) system has become a global benchmark for efficient and eco-friendly urban transportation.
Lush parks, such as the expansive Tanguá Park and the serene Botanical Garden, provide residents and visitors alike with serene spaces to relax and connect with nature. Curitiba's emphasis on culture is reflected in its numerous museums, galleries, and theaters, making it a destination that seamlessly balances modernity with a deep respect for the environment.
18. Buzios: Beach Paradise
Once a quiet fishing village, Buzios has transformed into a glamorous beach destination with upscale resorts, charming streets, and a lively nightlife. Its stunning coastline is perfect for relaxation and water activities.
Nestled on the stunning coastline of Rio de Janeiro state, Buzios stands as a tropical beach paradise that has captivated travelers for decades. Once a quiet fishing village, Buzios gained international fame when Brigitte Bardot visited in the 1960s, sparking a trend that transformed it into a glamorous beach destination. This charming town boasts a fusion of Brazilian charm and European sophistication.
Buzios offers an array of pristine beaches, each with its own distinct character. Whether you're seeking calm waters for snorkeling, vibrant nightlife, or secluded coves for romantic sunsets, Buzios has it all. Cobblestone streets lined with boutiques, restaurants, and art galleries invite leisurely exploration, while the laid-back atmosphere encourages visitors to unwind and embrace the beauty of this coastal gem.
In summary, these diverse Brazilian destinations each offer a unique and captivating experience. From hidden oases and modernist marvels to cultural hubs and breathtaking natural wonders, Brazil's landscapes and cities showcase the country's rich history, culture, and beauty.
19. São Luís: Cultural Fusion
São Luís, the capital of Maranhão, is a city where African, indigenous, and Portuguese influences converge. The historic center is a UNESCO site, boasting colorful colonial buildings and vibrant culture.
São Luís, the vibrant capital of Maranhão state in Brazil, is a city that beautifully embodies the concept of cultural fusion. With its unique blend of indigenous, African, Portuguese, and French influences, São Luís presents a captivating tapestry of traditions, architecture, and art.
The historic center, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, showcases colorful colonial buildings adorned with intricate azulejos (ceramic tiles) that depict tales of the past.
Strolling through São Luís is akin to stepping into a living museum, where the rhythm of reggae and the beats of tambor de crioula (a local percussion style) fill the air. The Bumba Meu Boi festival, a lively celebration of folklore and dance, draws visitors into the heart of the local culture.
The city's cuisine is a delectable reflection of its diversity, with dishes like arroz de cuxá and seafood moqueca delighting the palate. São Luís is not just a city; it's a symphony of cultures harmoniously coexisting.
20. Porto Alegre: Gastronomic Delights
Porto Alegre is a food lover's paradise, known for its churrascarias (steakhouses) and vibrant culinary scene. The city also offers cultural attractions, parks, and a welcoming atmosphere.
Porto Alegre, a culinary haven in southern Brazil, beckons food enthusiasts with a symphony of gastronomic delights. Nestled along the Guaíba River, this dynamic city boasts a diverse food scene that marries traditional Brazilian flavors with international influences. From sizzling churrasco barbecues to hearty feijão tropeiro, the local cuisine tantalizes taste buds.
Beyond its savory offerings, Porto Alegre houses a bustling public market, Mercado Público, where artisans and vendors showcase an array of fresh produce, spices, and crafts. The city's appreciation for fine dining is evident in its trendy eateries and welcoming botecos (traditional bars), where locals gather to share stories over petiscos (appetizers) and chimarrão (a traditional herbal tea). Porto Alegre is a treat for both the epicurean and the curious, promising an unforgettable culinary journey.
21. Natal: Sun and Sand
Natal's endless sand dunes, clear waters, and year-round sunshine make it a popular beach destination. Visitors can enjoy sandboarding, buggy rides, and exploring nearby attractions.
Natal, located on the northeastern coast of Brazil, is a tropical paradise that epitomizes the sun-soaked dreams of beach lovers. With its golden sand dunes, azure waters, and year-round warm climate, Natal is a haven for those seeking sun and relaxation. Praia de Ponta Negra, with its iconic Morro do Careca sand dune, is a popular destination for both surfers and sunbathers.
The city's natural wonders extend beyond its coastline. The Parque das Dunas, a sprawling sand dune park, offers hiking trails that lead to breathtaking vistas. For a touch of culture, the Forte dos Reis Magos stands as a testament to Brazil's colonial past. As the sun sets over the ocean, the vibrant nightlife of Natal comes to life, with beachfront bars and clubs providing the perfect backdrop for unforgettable memories.
22. Cuiabá: Wild West Adventure
Located on the edge of the Pantanal, Cuiabá offers a taste of the Brazilian Wild West. The city's blend of traditional culture and modern development provides a unique experience.
Cuiabá, nestled in the heart of Brazil, invites intrepid travelers to embark on a Wild West adventure with a Brazilian twist. This gateway to the Pantanal wetlands and the Amazon rainforest exudes a rugged charm. The city's architecture reflects its historical importance as a gold rush hub, while the Museum of Indigenous People celebrates the rich heritage of native cultures.
Cuiabá is a launching point for exploring the untamed beauty of the surrounding regions. Adventurers can engage in wildlife safaris in the Pantanal, where jaguars and capybaras roam free, or navigate the winding waterways of the Amazon.
The city's fiery cuisine, heavily influenced by cattle ranching traditions, adds a spicy kick to the journey. Cuiabá is a call to the wild, where every corner holds the promise of a thrilling escapade.
23. Ilha Grande: Tropical Hideaway
Ilha Grande is a car-free island paradise known for its pristine beaches, lush rainforests, and relaxed atmosphere. It's an ideal spot for hiking, snorkeling, and unwinding.
Ilha Grande, a tropical paradise located off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, is a secret haven for those seeking an escape from the hustle and bustle of modern life.
With its lush rainforests, pristine beaches, and crystalline waters, this island offers a tranquil retreat in nature's embrace. The absence of cars and banks on the island adds to its unspoiled allure.
Hiking enthusiasts will find solace in Ilha Grande's trails that lead to panoramic viewpoints and hidden waterfalls. Lopes Mendes Beach, with its powdery sand and gentle waves, is a haven for sun-seekers.
Snorkeling and diving unveil a vibrant underwater world, while the preserved ruins of the Cândido Mendes Penal Colony offer a glimpse into the island's history. Ilha Grande is a sanctuary where time slows down, and worries melt away with the tides.
24. Gramado: European Charm
Nestled in the Serra Gaúcha mountains, Gramado exudes European charm with its Bavarian-style architecture, Christmas decorations, and cozy cafes. The city also hosts the famous Gramado Film Festival.
Nestled in the southern highlands of Brazil, Gramado is a picturesque town that transports visitors to a European wonderland. With its Alpine-style architecture, cobblestone streets, and charming cafes, the town exudes a distinctive Old-World charm. The annual Natal Luz festival transforms Gramado into a dazzling spectacle of lights, music, and enchantment.
Surrounded by rolling hills and verdant landscapes, Gramado offers a cozy ambiance for romantic getaways and family vacations alike. The town's chocolate factories, artisan shops, and fondue restaurants invite indulgence, while the nearby Black Lake provides an idyllic backdrop for leisurely walks. Gramado is a slice of Europe nestled in the heart of Brazil, where every corner tells a story of timeless elegance.
25. Cataratas do Iguaçu National Park: Breathtaking Views
While Iguazu Falls is the main attraction, the surrounding national park offers stunning hiking trails, diverse flora and fauna, and opportunities to connect with nature.
Cataratas do Iguaçu National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site located on the border of Brazil and Argentina, boasts a jaw-dropping spectacle of nature's power and beauty. The Iguazu Falls, a collection of over 270 individual cascades, create an awe-inspiring panorama that captivates all who behold it. The sheer force of the water plunging into the depths below is a humbling testament to Earth's natural wonders.
Visitors can explore the park through well-maintained trails and walkways that provide unparalleled views of the falls from various vantage points. The Garganta del Diablo (Devil's Throat) viewpoint offers a particularly immersive experience.
The surrounding rainforest is a haven for diverse wildlife, adding to the park's ecological significance. Cataratas do Iguaçu National Park is a symphony of water, rainforest, and vibrant life, leaving an indelible mark on all who venture here.
FAQs
Is Brazil safe for tourists?
Yes, Brazil is generally safe for tourists, but like any other destination, it's important to stay vigilant and take common-sense precautions. Stick to well-known areas, avoid displaying valuable items, and be cautious at night.
What is the best time to visit Brazil?
The best time to visit Brazil depends on the region you plan to explore. Generally, the dry season from May to September is a great time for most areas, but the Amazon rainforest is best experienced during the wet season (December to May).
Do I need a visa to visit Brazil?
It depends on your nationality. Many tourists, including those from the United States and European Union, need a visa to enter Brazil. However, some countries have agreements that allow visa-free entry for a limited time.
What currency is used in Brazil?
The currency used in Brazil is the Brazilian Real (BRL). It's recommended to have some cash on hand for smaller purchases, but credit and debit cards are widely accepted in major cities and tourist areas.
What is the official language of Brazil?
The official language of Brazil is Portuguese. While English is spoken in tourist areas and larger cities, it's helpful to learn a few basic Portuguese phrases to enhance your travel experience.
How can I experience Carnival in Brazil?
Carnival is Brazil's most famous festival, known for its colorful parades and lively celebrations. The biggest Carnival festivities take place in Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and Recife. Make sure to book accommodations well in advance, as this is a peak travel period.
Conclusion
Exploring the 25 best places to visit in Brazil is a journey that will leave you with lasting memories and a deep appreciation for the country's natural beauty, cultural diversity, and warm hospitality. Whether you're seeking adventure in the Amazon rainforest, relaxation on pristine beaches, or a taste of Brazil's vibrant urban life, this diverse nation has something for everyone. So pack your bags, embrace the rhythm of samba, and get ready to embark on an unforgettable Brazilian adventure.
